Senin, 16 Mei 2011

Laser Power




Laser Power
Vulcan is a versatile high power laser system that is composed of Nd:glass amplifier chain capable of delivering up to 2.6kJ of laser energy in long pulses (nanosecond duration) and up to 1 PW (1015 W) peak power in a short pulse (500 fs duration) at 1054nm.

It currently has 8 beam lines.Two of these beam lines can operate either short pulse mode or long pulse mode, the remaining 6 operate on a long pulse mode.The short-pulse and long-pulse systems operating jointly can be directed to 3 different target areas enabling sophisticated interaction and probing experiments.
READ MORE - Laser Power
READ MORE - Laser Power

This museum is unique meseum


Russia is known as a paradise for armaments production as we often see and know is a tactical weapon type AK-47 assault rifles and thousands of other AK variants.

In addition to the AK-47 weapon, Russia is also known as a maker of armored vehicles as seen in the museum, known as Kubinka tanks located in Odintsovo, Moscow.

This museum is unique meseum who have a collection of various types of the world's largest tank from the beginning of the first world war, the first collection was discovered in 1931 to the current types of modern tanks that in total amounted to 300 tanks.
READ MORE - This museum is unique meseum
READ MORE - This museum is unique meseum

Rabu, 23 Maret 2011

A total of 120 former military personnel and pilots United States (U.S.)


A total of 120 former military personnel and pilots United States (U.S.) gave startling testimony. They said she saw a group of alien creatures or aliens landed, to infiltrate and disable the nuclear missiles of the United Kingdom and the United States at the headquarters of a missile launch.

Recognition is not trusted for granted and then researched and investigated six U.S. aviator and former military members of the other. Six men then seek the testimony of 120 former military personnel. The information they have gathered indicates that aliens landed on Earth recently, seven years ago.

The plan, the inspector evidence that would convey that information to U.S. and British governments. They will try to socialize that the two nations that the visit extra-terrestrial creature that has lasted a long time, and that as a fact.

The presentation team was presented the meeting in Washington. One witness, Capt. Robert Salas, said, "U.S. Air Force air had lied about an unknown object at a military base, and lies about national security implications. We can prove it."

"I was on duty when an object came and stood directly over the missile launch base. As many as 10 missiles disabled. And the same thing happened at another location a week later," he said.

He suspected, there is strong interest from the creatures with the missiles to be launched. "I personally think they are not from planet Earth," said Salas.

Another witness claimed to have seen similar activity in the UK. Witnesses named Colonel Charles Halt said he saw a UFO in the former military base RAF Bentwaters, near Ipswich, 30 years ago.

Charles Halt saw the light beam was fired into the base and then heard on the military radio that aliens have landed in the nuclear storage area.

"I believe that the security of both the Security Service of the United States and Britain have tried, from the past until now, to investigate what really happened at RAF Bentwaters," he said.

The location was once used as headquarters of U.S. Tactical Fighter Wing to-81. Another witness, Captain Bruce Fenstermacher, a former U.S. Air Force officer, also claimed similar. He saw a cigar-shaped UFO hovering over a nuclear base in Wyoming in 1976.
READ MORE - A total of 120 former military personnel and pilots United States (U.S.)
READ MORE - A total of 120 former military personnel and pilots United States (U.S.)

Minggu, 29 Agustus 2010

Iran again showed his ability in making the main tool weaponry system



Iran again showed his ability in making the main tool weaponry system. After successfully making an unmanned aircraft that can carry bombs, Iran has also successfully tested a short-range surface missile Iranian Defense Minister, Gen. Ahmad Vahidi, explaining the missile is the third generation of the Fateh-110 missile. Fateh has the meaning 'conqueror'. The missile guidance control systems equipped with high accuracy. He says, solid-fueled missile developed by Iran's Aerospace Industries Organization.

As written in Arab News, a new version of the short-range missiles it has advantages compared to its predecessor. However, Vahidi not elaborate further advantages. The previous version of the Fateh-110 has a range up to 193 kilometers. ''This missile has an accuracy and control systems that enable them to reach the target accurately,''said Vahidi.

Tehran often make announcements about new advances in military technology that could not be independently verified. Iranian television showed the missile that was sliding and then hit targets on land. Iran's Press TV said the missile has a length of 9 feet and weigh 3500 kilogram. According to Vahidi, the latest version of the Fateh-110 will be submitted to the Iranian armed forces late September.

U.S. missile attacks launched using unmanned aircraft, has killed at least nine people and wounded dozens in the North Waziristan tribal region in northwestern Pakistan, local officials said.

According to Pakistani security officials, an unmanned aircraft (UAV) has fired three missiles at 50 kilometers west of Miranshah, the main town in North Waziristan on Friday. They say that a house in the village of Bahadar Khel become targets of attack.

Previously reported that the attack UAV has killed three people on Thursday (10 / 6) night at a house in the village Khaddi, 15 kilometers east of Miranshah.

Over 1000 people have been killed in Pakistan attack unmanned U.S. aircraft since 2008.

civilian casualties from U.S. attacks has stretched relations between Islamabad and Washington.

Washington target of the attack was claimed the militants, but the majority of U.S. missile strikes have killed civilians.

Islamabad has repeatedly called for an end to the attacks, saying that the U.S. had violated Pakistan's sovereignty.
READ MORE - Iran again showed his ability in making the main tool weaponry system
READ MORE - Iran again showed his ability in making the main tool weaponry system

In addition Iran has also made his own missiles



"And make ready against them whatever force you could withstand, and of horses tethered to the war (which is the preparation that) you deter the enemy of Allah and your enemies and those persons other than those which you do not know nothing about being God knows. Whatever ye shall spend in the way of Allah will undoubtedly be rewarded with sufficient unto you, and ye shall not be treated (injured). "[Al Anfaal: 60]

Allah ordered Muslims to always be ready with all the strength we are able to deter the enemy of God and Muslims so the enemy does not dare attack.

Muslims do not deserve to buy weapons to the infidels who were hostile to Islam because of the weapons sold must have a lower quality than that used by the infidel nations. In addition, if a war, then these infidel countries embargo spare parts easily combat equipment so that the existing weapons such as aircraft, tanks, warships could be a useless scrap metal.

Zulfiqar tanks weighing 40 tons. The tank is equipped with a computer firing system, laser guides so accurate as sniper shot up to 4000 meters distance, and sight equipment at night.

In addition Iran has also made his own missiles (missiles) Shahab 3 is capable of reaching more than 2,000 km that can reach Israel and 32 U.S. military bases spread across the Middle East, Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Rudah Shahab 3 can lift a ton of cluster bombs so many bombs can be spread over a large area with just one missile. This missile can be controlled from the navigation space so that if falls could be restored to the target. If you strayed too far could be destroyed.

"If the U.S. or Israel fired one bullet into Iran, the Iranian Armed Forces will not hesitate to take a counter-attack into the heart of Israel and 32 U.S. military bases in the Gulf region," said Zolnoor, who became deputy to Ayatollah Khamenei in the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps ( IRGC).

Other Islamic countries like Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and so should try to make their own weapons so they can defend the country not only from direct physical assault, but also colonialism disguised as economic colonization that deplete the wealth of Islamic countries so that poor people, while harbi infidel countries are rich.
READ MORE - In addition Iran has also made his own missiles
READ MORE - In addition Iran has also made his own missiles

Jumat, 27 Agustus 2010

The project target is to build a static diving scale true Akula submarine based on the Dumas Akula kit





"Typhoon" is the largest and most expensive submarine ever built. American superpower should at sea with the Pacific Fleet, but beneath the surface of the sharks Russia always haunt them go their potentials.
SSBN carrying code, this submarine is nuclear-powered submarines carrying intercontinental ballistic missiles can bring the continent in the stomach. Akula built by Sverodvinks Shipyards in the White Sea near Archangel. While the headquarters of the Akula class submarines in the Russian Navy Base East Fleet at Litsa Guba.

Akula system is designed with Multi-hulled, five layers are placed inside the inner hull hull superstructure of two main parallel. Her skin is equipped with a tile that is coated with sound absorbing materials County. Inside there are 19 compartments including a strengthened with the module which is home of the main control room and the electronics compartment located behind the missile launcher tubes. The submarine is also designed to be able to break the ice and move under the ice. Advanced stern fin with horizontal hydroplane placed behind the propeller. Horizontal Nose hydroplane placed in the bow with retractable system.
Akula capable of carrying 20 RSM-52 InterContinental, three stage solid propellant balistic missiles. Two lines of the launcher tube is placed in the main hull. Each missile consists of 10 MIRV's (multiple re-entry vehicles), with each carrying a nuclear warhead 100 kilotons. Each MIRV hit can be set for different targets. Distance is 8.300 km cruise missile with an accuracy of 500 meters. Weight 84.000 kg in one missile, designed by Makayev Design Bureau. RSM-52 is also known by the NATO code SS-N-20 Sturgeon.

Akula is also equipped with four 630 mm torpedo launchers abung and two 533 mm torpedo tube launcher. Total submarine can carry 22 missiles / torpedoes and conventional Skhval surface of various types. Torpedo tube launcher can also be used to remove mines.
Akula powered by two nuclear reactors that supply two gas turbines and turbogear assemblies to move the ship. Each reactor produces 190 megawatts of power, the engine produces power turbin is at 50.000 and 3.200 kW hp turbogear. Two 800 kW diesel generator was also prepared as a backup.



The project target is to build a static diving scale true Akula submarine based on the Dumas Akula kit (which is shown on the picture above).

The kit is scale 1:130 which is app. 85 cm long (33") and has a beam of 10 cm (4"). (The real sub is app. 110 meters long and has a beam of 13.5 meters).

I am only going to use very little from the kit, as all the fins are just metal plates and the diving system is dynamic. I am therefore only using the top and bottom hull, the sail and the radar dome. The project is divided into several different building areas, and therefore the tracking of the project will be in separate articles. These activities are pretty much independent, and will be done in parallel to speed up the waiting on parts to arrive.

The sub will consist of:
The Dumas Akula kit
New rudder and planes
WTC (Water Tight Cylinder)
Piston dive system
Retractable diving planes
Working periscope
CPU control system

The Russian name for the submarine is Giepard. See the link section for useful Akula links.

The project will be described in the sub categories as shown in the menu at the left.
In order to avoid that the motor, battery and electronics get wet it must be in a water tight place in the sub. There are several ways to do this, and the way that I have chosen it is to use a water tight cylinder (WTC) which is a water tight tube which is placed in the sub. It is then only the inside of the WTC that is water safe, while the rest of the sub is "free flooding". This WTC will be placed below the water line to make it easier to dive the sub.
When the sub wants to dive, it must add weight equal to the volume of the sub above the water! This means, that in order to make it easier to dive (require less weight) the volume of the sub above the water must be minimized. This is why the WTC is placed below the water line. When the sub dives, water will flow into the free flooding area above the WTC so it is only the volume of the hull that must be equalized. This is also why that there should not be any air trapped above the water line (e.g. the radar pod should be free flooding).

The sub is diving by adding weight by sucking in water - in my case by using a piston. In this way the air volume below the waterline is getting smaller and by that the buoyancy smaller. This will force the sub under water. When the sub is completely under water the diving dept is controlled by the dive planes and not by the diving tank. When the sub wants to surface again the process is reversed.
The radio waves must be in the MHz area to be able to penetrate the water, so 2.4 GHz will not work. In Denmark that leaves us with either 27MHz or 40MHz as 35MHz are reserved for airplanes.

The radio waves can go to a dept of app. 3.5m, so diving below that dept will be without radio control!

The pressure at 10m is 1 bar, so to make a safe sub, the WTC should be able to handle at least 1 bar.

The boat will not work in saltwater as the radio waves can't penetrate that.
READ MORE - The project target is to build a static diving scale true Akula submarine based on the Dumas Akula kit
READ MORE - The project target is to build a static diving scale true Akula submarine based on the Dumas Akula kit

Armoured Personnel Carriers or 40 Australian Light Armoured Vehicles


TOBRUK gives the Australian Defence Force an amphibious heavy lift capability. The ship is a multi -purpose troop and roll-on/roll-off, heavy vehicle carrier built by Carrington Slipways Pty Ltd at Tomago, near Newcastle , NSW. The design includes facilities for bow and stern loading, beaching, a drive-through capacity and inter-deck transfers via ramps.

TOBRUK can transport 18 Leopard tanks, 40 Armoured Personnel Carriers or 40 Australian Light Armoured Vehicles. The Vehicle Deck has been reinforced to enable the transportation of two Landing Craft Mechanical-8 (LCM-8) on specially designed cradles. In addition, two Landing Craft Vehicular Personnel units (LCVP) are secured by davits on either side of the superstructure. The ship's roll-on/roll-off function is supplemented by 2 x 8.5 tonne capacity Favco cranes and a Velle derrick capable of lifting up to 70 tonnes. The amphibious role is enhanced by forward and aft helicopter decks, which can be operated simultaneously. Helicopters can also be refuelled on both decks.
TOBRUK can accommodate up to 300 troops for extended duration. In an overloaded state, the ship can provide accommodation for up to 520 troops for short periods of time.

Laid Down: 7 February 1979
Launched: 1 March 1980
Commissioned: 23 April 1981
Displacement: 5800 tonnes
Length: 127 metres
Beam: 18 metres
Armament: 6 x 12.7mm Machine Guns and 2 x Mini Typhoon Guns
Main Machinery: 2 x Diesels
Speed: 16 knots = (30 km/hr)
Ships Company: Approximately 150
Troops: Up to 520
Landing Craft: Two LCVP on davits, two LCM-8s as deck cargo
Aircraft: In support of Amphibious Operations (ranging from the Squirrel AS350-B to Chinook CH47)
READ MORE - Armoured Personnel Carriers or 40 Australian Light Armoured Vehicles
READ MORE - Armoured Personnel Carriers or 40 Australian Light Armoured Vehicles

Iran yesterday launched a naval destroyer


Iran yesterday launched a naval destroyer
Tehran - Iran's navy destroyers yesterday launched its first domestically produced in a ceremony attended by the supreme leader and commander in chief as well as Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamanei.

The ship weighs about 14,000 tons are equipped with modern radar and electronic warfare capabilities. "Jamaran, destroyer for many missions, personnel can carry 120-140 on it and armed with various anti-ship missiles and surface to air with the highest speed reached 30 knots and has a helipad," said a local television media.

"The ship was also equipped with torpedoes and modern naval cannon."

State television also showed pictures and ceremony of the ship where the ship was launched by Khamanei flanked by a number of important Iranian military commander.

Many of Iran's naval equipment comes from before the 1979 Islamic revolution and U.S. made. Since the revolution, Tehran had purchased Russian-made submarines.

In the last year Iran's navy has conducted several missions in the Gulf of Aden and off Somalia to escort duty Unfortunately where merchant ships and oil tankers Iran.

Tehran is now enriching uranium, which many Western nations and Israel fear is a step toward making an atomic bomb. Tehran rejected the accusation, saying its nuclear program is entirely peaceful.

On Thursday, the world's atomic watchdog express concern that Iran may have sought to develop nuclear warheads. On Friday, Iran put aside his concerns as "unfounded."

UN sanctions because Iran had failed to meet a Security Council resolution asked that it stop the enrichment. Neither the U.S. nor Israel has not ruled out military action if Iran does not meet the resolution in the end it
READ MORE - Iran yesterday launched a naval destroyer
READ MORE - Iran yesterday launched a naval destroyer

KRI Pasopati - Submarine Hunter Without MCK






KRI Pasopati - Submarine Hunter Without MCK

From 12 Whiskey class submarine owned by the TNI-AL, KRI 410 Pasopati could be called the most famous is mentioned. Because, Pasopati was the last submarine to operate. Post Gestapu, Russia conduct military embargo on spare parts to Indonesia, as a result the fleet Navy submarine slowly began to die due to lack of spare parts. Step cannibalization of spare parts continue to be done, and the last is KRI Pasopati operate. Pasopati new registered disabled from the ranks of the TNI-AL on January 25, 1990.

Whisky class went into production in 1952 in Russia Vladi. And began to enter the Navy ranks (Satselarmatim) dated January 29, 1962 with the principal task of destroying the enemy cross the line (anti-shipping), conducting reconnaissance and perform "silent raids." KRI Pasopati currently placed as a monument to submarines in the city of Surabaya since 1998.
Ship Whisky
Ability proved to be thrilling Whisky class fleet of Dutch ships, but as the Russian habit of output products in general. Element of comfort to the crew less attention. Although armed anti-missile and air attacks on the aft torpedo launcher and bow. Whisky class public toilet facilities are not equipped (shower, sink, toilet). This makes pain submariners. During the voyage the crews very rarely take a bath, shower over rely on rain water when the ship rose to the surface.

KRI specifications Pasopati

Length: 76.6 meters
Width: 6, 3 meters
Speed: 18.3 knots on the water
13.5 knots under water
Weight management: 1300 tons
Empty weight: 1050 tons
Cruising distance: 8500 nautical miles
Fuel: Diesel
Battery: 224 pieces
Armament: Torpedo steam 12 pieces
Long torpedo: 7 meters
Torpedo Launcher: 6 pieces
Crew: 63 men and officers
READ MORE - KRI Pasopati - Submarine Hunter Without MCK
READ MORE - KRI Pasopati - Submarine Hunter Without MCK

Minggu, 13 Juni 2010

RUSSIA Sukhoi T-50


MOSCOW, RUSSIA  Sukhoi T-50, on Friday made a successful maiden test flight attempt over the sky of Komsomolsk-on-Amur for a time-frame of 47 minutes. Sergei Bogdan, who was the pilot of this test flight shared his experience of flying and said, "it is easy and comfortable to pilot." The success of the test flight attempt of this fifth-generation fighter plane has been a significant achievement for Russia, which has made great efforts for modernizing their fighter planes and weapons and stop using the planes of Soviet era.

Prior to the successful maiden test flight of Sukhoi T-50, Russians had failed in several projects of introducing high-profile weapons. The success of this fifth-generation fighter plane, which is reportedly built in collaboration with Indian experts must have given some relief to the Russian camp. According to the reports, the Russian officials have devoted almost twenty years for building the fifth-generation fighter plane. It has been reported that the success of the test has given them the hope that they would be able to put the plane in service from 2015. They also expect that this plane will be capable to challenge the fighter plane, F-22 of the United States.

Though the Sukhoi T-50 maiden test flight attempt has been successful, Russian officials have not shared any specification of the new fighter plane. They have also maintained confidentiality on the designs of the fifth-generation fighter plane that has made the headlines today. Though the officials declined to make any comment on the details of the plane, a source reported that it has a range of 5,500 kilometer.


Dimensions (m):
- wing 14,2; S=78,8 m2
- length 22
- height 6,05
Weight (kg):
- max 37000
- normal 26000
- empty 18500
Fuel (kg): 10300
Combat load (kg):
- max 7500
- AA max 2260 conformal
Speed (km/h):
- max 2100; M2,0;
- rate of climb 350 m/s
- min 0 OVT
- cruise 1300
Alt (m): 20000
Flight range (km): 4000/5500 (2x2000kg)
- supersonic 2500
Runway (m): 350 (w/o OVT)
G-force (g): 10-11
RSC: 0,05 m2
Wing overload (kg/m2):
- max 470
- normal 330
Thrust-to-weight ratio:
- max 0,84
- normal 1,19
Fuel rate: 2,55 kg/km
Flight time: 3,3 h

Engine: AL-41F (117C on first prototypes)
- thrust 2x15500(18000?)/2x9800
- compressor: diameter 932mm, 3 steps
- weight 1350 kg
- pressure increase 4,2-4,5
- life time 4000 hours
- overhaul life 1500 hours
- nozzle:
weight: 380 kg
deviation angle +-16 deg in any direction, +-20 deg flat
deviation speed: 60 deg/sec

Development of Russia's LFI (logkiy frontovoi istrebitel) lightweight tactical fighter has been dramatically accelerated after the Russian Air Force decided its priorities for the next 10 years. Revealed here exclusively as the I-2000 (Istrebitel {fighter} 2000) project, the aircraft is due to become operational in 2005 as Russia's basic front-line fighter. It is also likely to become the leading export product of the Russian aircraft industry. Available information on the I-2000 indicates that it will be closely comparable to the US Joint Strike Fighter, operating in both the air-to-air and air-to-surface roles.

The aircraft comes from a long line of Mikoyan lightweight fighters, such as the MiG-15 and MiG-21. It is about the same size as the MiG-21 (shorter by 1.3m but wider by 4.5m), but noticeably smaller than its immediate predecessor, the MiG-29. Take-off weight is estimated at around 12 tonnes; maximum take-off weight at about 16 tonnes.
[1]

In early 2002 Sukhoi was chosen as prime contractor for the planned Russian fifth-generation fighter is called the PAK FA [ Perspektivnyi Aviatsionnyi Kompleks Frontovoi Aviatsyi - Future Air Complex for Tactical Air Forces]. This intermediate class twin-engined fighter will be larger than a MiG-29 and smaller than a Su-27.

The aircraft will feature a long combat radius, supersonic cruise speed, low radar cross section, supermaneuverability, and the ability to make short takeoffs and landings. In accordance with the technical requirements, the PAK FA will have a normal takeoff weight of 20 tons, which is close to the average normal takeoff weight of the two American airplanes, the F-35 JSF (17.2 tons) and the F-22 (24 tons). The new fighter (a medium version) will have a traditional wing form, though the experience gathered as a result of Berkut's test flights will be taken in consideration when designing the fighter. It is supposed that it will be created using the Stealth technology, and equipped with two AL-41F engines by the Saturn scientific and industrial enterprise, a radar system with an active phased array (to all appearances, it will be produced by the Fazatron-NIIR corporation), and high-precision weapons.

The government commission decided on 26 April 2002 to choose the Sukhoi holding company as the head company to develop and produce the fighter of the fifth generation. The prototype of the PAK FA would take-off in 2006 and that in 2010 the aircraft would be ready for series production. The first deliveries, both for Russian armed forces and for export, would be possible in 2011-12.

The new airplane is being proposed to be brought from the concept design to a prototype series in less than 9 years. Historically, fourth and fifth generation fighters have not been created in less than 15 years. The Russian government has promised to allocate 1.5 billion dollars for the PAK FA through 2010. But the Russian Air Force is receiving less than 200 million dollars a year during this period, and will spend it primarily on other needs.

The prices and sources of funding will determine the destiny of the whole program. To date officials agree that the program will cost $1.5 billion. However, $1.5 billion is the sum needed for creating a new generation of avionics for the fighter (considering the fact that pre-production models of the phased array have already been produced, and will soon be tested). Completion of the AL-41F engine (present readiness is 30 percent) will require, in the opinion of the boss of Rosaviakosmos, 600 - 800 million dollars. Saturn said that launching of production of the AL-41F engine would take $150 million. An improved version of the AL-31F will be used on the aircraft originally (though it is not clear how these heavy motors are reconciled with the concept of a 20-ton fighter). The upgrade of these engines will require expenditures of 1.2-1.5 billion dollars. And finally, designers will have to spend several hundred millions of dollars on creating a new airframe.
According to some reports, India and Russia have agreed to jointly develop this fifth-generation fighter, under a scheduled with entery into service in 2009. This would be the first such joint development venture between the two countries.
READ MORE - RUSSIA Sukhoi T-50
READ MORE - RUSSIA Sukhoi T-50

Rabu, 03 Februari 2010

The CV-22 offers unprecedented speed in the ingress and extraction of special forces into any terrain.


The United States Special Forces have been the best equipped in the world for a long time, though the gap widened considerably on Thursday with the first delivery of the CV-22 Osprey to the U.S. Air Force Special Operations Command at Hurlburt Field, Florida. The CV-22 is the Air Force version of the V-22 Osprey, a tiltrotor aircraft that combines the speed and range of fixed wing aircraft with the vertical flight performance of a helicopter. With its engine nacelles and rotors in vertical position, it can take off, land and hover like a helicopter, but once airborne its engine nacelles can be rotated to convert the aircraft to a turboprop airplane capable of high-speed, high-altitude flight. The CV-22 offers unprecedented speed in the ingress and extraction of special forces into any terrain.


Bell-Boeing will provide performance-based support for the first nine production CV-22s for aircraft maintenance, reliability, supply and repairs, technical data and interactive electronic technical manuals, engineering, information technology, field service and logistics support. Five of the nine aircraft will be assigned to the 8th Special Operations Squadron at Hurlburt Field, and the remaining four already are assigned to the 71st Special Operations Squadron at Kirtland Air Force Base, N.M.

The CV-22 was jointly designed, produced and supported by Bell Helicopter Textron and Boeing Integrated Defense Systems.

Just in case the advantages of the CV-22 and its almost identical brethren the V-22 aren’t entirely obvious, the following recently published briefing by Loren Thompson of the Lexington Institute highlights why the Osprey is one system the military needs more of right now:

The Bush Administration is projecting that defense spending will fall from four percent of the economy today to three percent at the beginning of the next decade. In the past, such declines have hit procurement accounts harder than other types of spending, because it is easier to delay new weapons than it is to cut military pay, healthcare benefits and operational outlays. The services have already begun trimming their weapons programs. For example, the Air Force wants to end production of the C-17, its only modern jet airlifter, while the Navy and Marine Corps have proposed deleting 169 planes from their 2008-2013 spending plans.

Against this backdrop, critics are complaining that some of the weapons being developed by the services don't seem to have much to do with winning the global war on terrorism. Programs like the Joint Strike Fighter and the Navy's next-generation destroyer may be needed to counter future conventional threats, the critics say, but right now all the threats seem to be unconventional -- terrorists, insurgents, weapons traffickers and so on. The critics have a point, especially given how poorly the fight seems to be going in Iraq and Afghanistan.

However, there is at least one new military system about to enter the force that is relevant right now, and badly needed in places like Iraq. That is the Marine Corps' V-22 Osprey, the world's first operational tilt-rotor aircraft. A tilt-rotor combines the vertical agility of helicopters with the speed and range of fixed-wing planes, providing unique versatility. It not only can land anywhere -- on mountains, in jungles, on storm-tossed ships -- but it can get to such places even when they are far, far away, because the Osprey has a range of over a thousand miles. In other words, you can fly a V-22 from Washington to New Orleans without stopping for fuel, not a mission you'd want to attempt with a regular helicopter. A fixed-wing airplane can make that trip also, but if the runways in the Big Easy are flooded, it can't land. A V-22 can make the trip and land, wherever there is a dry spot of ground.

It doesn't require a degree from Professor Rumsfeld's School for the Truly Transformational to figure out that this a special capability, one well-suited to a world of irregular warfare, unconventional threats, and homeland disasters. In fact, the Marine Corps figured it out a generation ago, and has stuck with the Osprey through a rocky development effort reminiscent of the trials faced a generation earlier by the helicopters it will replace. But the Osprey was vindicated last year in a very successful operational evaluation, and it will be deployed to Iraq next year. The Marine Corps plans to produce 21 V-22's in 2008 and 30 per year in each of the following five years. A gee-whiz special-operations version for the Air Force will be fielded in 2009.

As the Osprey enters the force in the years ahead, planners in the Army and other services are going to be kicking themselves that they didn't invest more in tilt-rotors. Why buy conventional twin-engine turboprops to carry cargo to remote bases when you can carry three tons of supplies 500 miles, and not even need a runway once you arrive? Why struggle to trade off the advantages of a helicopter versus an airplane in conducting difficult combat missions when a single airframe combines the best qualities of both? In the fight for relevance the V-22 is a clear winner, and the only question is why it took so long for some experts to figure that out.

The 58th Special Operations Wing’s mission is to train mission-ready special operations, combat search and rescue, missile site support, and UH-1 Distinguished Visitor airlift crews directly supporting Air Expeditionary Forces for the United States Air Force.

The wing operates eight different weapon systems: UH-1H, UH-1N, HH-60G, MH-53J, HC-130P/N, MC-130P, MC-130H, and CV-22 totaling more than 60 assigned aircraft. The wing teaches more than 100 courses in 18 different crew positions including pilot, navigator, electronic warfare officer, flight engineer, communications system operator, loadmaster and aerial gunner. Additionally, the wing responds to worldwide contingencies and provides search and rescue support to the local community.

The unit also provides people and airlift needed in response to crises around the world and assists civilian authorities in regional rescues. Supporting the 58th SOW training mission are approximately 1,250 military and civilian personnel administering over 90 training systems courses in 18 different crew positions. Assigned units are:

* 58th Operations Group (58 OG)

The 58th SOW's Operations Group is composed of three flying and two support squadrons, as well as two geographically separated pilot training units, one at Fort Rucker, Alabama, and the other at MCAS New River, North Carolina.

58th Operations Support Squadron (58 OSS)
58th Training Squadron (58 TRS)
550th Special Operations Squadron (550 SOS) (MC-130H, HC-130P & MC-130P)
512th Rescue Squadron (512 RQS) (UH-1N & HH-60G)
23d Flying Training Squadron (23 FTS) (Fort Rucker, AL)
71st Special Operations Squadron (71 SOS) (CV-22)

* 58th Maintenance Group (58 MXG)

58th Maintenance Squadron (58 MXS)
58th Maintenance Operations Squadron (58 MOS)
58th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron (58 AMX)
READ MORE - The CV-22 offers unprecedented speed in the ingress and extraction of special forces into any terrain.
READ MORE - The CV-22 offers unprecedented speed in the ingress and extraction of special forces into any terrain.

Rabu, 18 November 2009

The B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber

The B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber
During the late 1940s and early 1950s, Jack Northrop of the Northrop company worked on a series of flying-wing bombers, none of which actually reached production. However, they did attract a great deal of public attention, being seen as futuristic, and were even featured in science-fiction movies such as THE WAR OF THE WORLDS.

A few decades later the notion that the future belonged to the flying wing seemed laughable, but Northrop had the last laugh. Radar had trouble picking up the uncluttered lines of a flying wing, and as the US Air Force turned towards "stealthy" aircraft in the 1970s and 1980s, the flying wing bomber was revived in the form of the Northrop Grumman "B-2 Spirit", the first flying wing to enter full operational service, the biggest stealth aircraft built to date, and one of the most expensive aircraft ever made.

A bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground targets, primarily by dropping bombs.
Types
  • Strategic bomber aircraft designed for long-range attack missions, targeting strategic targets such as supply bases, bridges, factories, and ports to reduce the enemy's fighting ability.
  • Tactical Bomber is a smaller plane with a distance shorter range, typically as far as the position of ground troops, because the goal was to support ground troops. In the modern environment, any war plane that was not designed as a strategic bombers can fall into this category. This role is filled by many designs, including those written below.
  • Ground attack aircraft (or aircraft close support) is designed for round the battlefield and attack tactical targets, such as tanks, troop concentration, and others.
  • Fighter-bombers (also called tactical fighter and attack aircraft) is a fighter with many roles, which can be armed to attack air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles. Many of these types of aircraft designed for combat air immediately after the bomb dropped. Multi-role aircraft like this is also designed to save expenditure of funds.
The B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber Described

The B-2 is organic in appearance, a simple flying wing, with absolutely no vertical control surfaces. It has very smooth contours and few features that could "catch" radar waves and reflect them. It has a sweepback of 55 degrees and a "W"-shaped trailing edge. The aircraft is aerodynamically unstable, kept in the air with a quadruple-redundant fly-by-wire (FBW) system, under the control of a General Electric Flight Control Computer (FCC).

The B-2 was designed to be survivable, not merely in penetrating enemy airspace and performing attacks, but in riding out enemy nuclear attacks or counterstrikes. The B-2 is thoroughly radiation hardened; Waaland commented that about all that isn't radiation hardened is the antiskid braking system. It can also operate from dispersed bases, one of the design criteria being the capability to use any airstrip capable of supporting a Boeing 727 airliner.
The B-2 makes heavy use of titanium for structural elements, with much of the rest of the aircraft built of carbon-reinforced plastic (CRP) material. Large CRP skin assemblies were used to make the aircraft as "seamless" as possible, reducing radar reflections. The principle of seamlessness also meant that the number of access panels was minimized as much as possible, reversing the trend of the past decades to provide maximum maintenance access. Maintenance access was mostly provided through absolutely essential apertures, such as the bombbays and crew boarding hatch. There are also no drain holes, with drainage flowing into collectors that are emptied on the ground.

Designing the CRP assemblies, tooling up for their production, and fitting them in place in aircraft manufacture was a major engineering challenge. Special heat-resistant CRP formulations are used around engine exhausts and other hot spots, where carbon-reinforced epoxy simply wouldn't do. The aircraft was initially coated with a conductive elastomer material to ensure that it had uniform electrical conductivity. This material was not actually RAM, but RAM was used selectively where needed. The B-2 is painted in a bluish-gray anti-reflective paint to reduce its visual signature. It is not painted black, as is the F-117, since the B-2 is expected to perform both daylight and night attacks, and black is a high-visibility color for daylight flight operations.

The leading edge of the wing has an internal structure that helps it absorb radar energy. The outermost wing segment features a "rudderon" or "deceleron", a vertically-split airbrake / rudder that simultaneously opens up and down. To act as an airbrake, both the decelerons are opened, while to act as a rudder only one is. This gimmick goes back to the original Northrop flying wings. There is an elevon inboard of the deceleron on the outermost segment of each wing, and then two elevons further inboard, on the next segment. Finally, there is a single control surface for pitch control on the "beavertail" at the center end of the aircraft, giving a total of nine control surfaces.

The decelerons have to be opened about five degrees before they are effective, and in normal cruising flight they are left slightly open. However, this undermines stealth, so when the bomber is in combat, it uses differential engine operation for yaw control.
B-2 Spirit powerplants

The B-2's four General Electric F118-GE-110 non-afterburning turbofans, providing 84.56 kN (8,620 kgp / 19,000 lbf) of thrust each, are derived from the popular GE F110 engine. The F118s are buried in the wings, with two engines clustered together inboard on each wing. An AlliedSignal auxiliary power unit is fitted on the forward end of the left engine assembly for engine starting and ground power. The B-2 also features a built-in Halon engine fire extinguishing system.

The engine intakes and exhausts are on the top of the wings for concealment. The intakes have a zigzag lip to scatter radar reflections, and there is a zigzag slot just before each intake to act as a "boundary layer splitter", breaking up the stagnant turbulent airflow that tends to collect on the surface of an aircraft. The inlet ducts are built as an s-curve and lined with RAM to keep radar from picking up the compressor blades.

The exhaust is mixed with airflow obtained through the boundary layer splitter slot to reduce the infrared signature. The aircraft was also designed to eliminate its contrail, with a tank outboard of the main landing gear to store a chemical that would be mixed with the exhaust flow to suppressed the formation of a contrail. This scheme wasn't actually used in practice, with a "lidar" (laser radar) system instead eventually developed to detect the formation of a contrail and alert the pilot to descend to lower altitude.

The B-2 has tricycle landing gear, with twin-wheel nose gear and four-wheel bogey systems for the main gear. The main gear is built by Boeing and is derived from that used on the Boeing 767 airliner. The landing gear doors have stealthy zigzag leading and trailing edges. Since it is difficult to find a place on the smoothly-contoured airframe to paint such "display" items as the aircraft name or serial number, they are painted on the main gear outer doors, making them visible to onlookers when the aircraft is on the ground, or during takeoff and landing. There is a boom-refueling port in the center of the back, which is normally covered by doors and pops up when needed.

The bomber is fitted with two side-by-side weapons bays that can accommodate a total of 22,680 kilograms (50,000 pounds) of stores. The leading and trailing edges of the weapons bay doors have the classic stealthy zigag pattern. When the doors are open, twin grilles pop out into the airstream at the front of the weapons bay to ensure proper stores separation. Each of the two weapons bays can be fitted with a Boeing Advanced Rotary Launcher (ARL), each capable of carrying eight 1,000 kilogram (2,200 pound) class munitions, or a Bomb Rack Assembly (BRA) for carriage of smaller munitions.

Since the B-2 was originally designed for the strategic bombing role, it was qualified initially for nuclear stores such as the B83 strategic nuclear bomb, with selectable yield in the megatonne range, and the smaller B61 "Silver Bullet" nuclear bomb, with selectable yield in the range of hundreds of kilotonnes. The bomber was later qualified for the penetrating B61-11 penetrating nuclear weapon. A B-2 can carry 16 nuclear stores.

The B-2 has also been qualified for use with "dumb" bombs, such as sixteen 900 kilogram (2,000 pound) bombs, or eighty 225 kilogram (500 pound) bombs or cluster munitions based on the Tactical Munitions Dispenser (TMD). However, such stores are likely better carried by other platforms such as the B-52 or B-1B, and so the emphasis with the B-2 has been on precision-guided weapons. Some sources claim it can also carry the AGM-84 Harpoon antiship missile for maritime strike, but it seems more likely that this was simply listed as a potential store as a political expedient to emphasize additional roles for the B-2.

A Global Positioning System (GPS) guided bomb, the "GPS Aided Munition (GAM)", was developed on a fast-track basis for the B-2, but GAM was strictly an interim solution until the real solution, the "Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)", was introduced in the late 1990s. JDAM is a 900 kilogram bomb fitted with gliding strakes and GPS guidance; kits are now in development for 225 kilogram bombs as well. The B-2 can also carry the new AGM-154 Joint Stand-Off Weapon (JSOW) glide bomb, and the AGM-158 Joint Air to Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM).

The B-2 is highly automated and only requires two crew. A centerbody provides crew accommodation, with crew access through a hatch in the belly. The cockpit has large windows, so large in fact that they tend to make the B-2 look smaller than it really is, though the downward view is poor. Fighter pilots taking the controls of the B-2 say it makes them feel like they are "flying in a dumpster". A fine wire mesh is built into the windows to block radar signals.

The two crew sit side-by-side on ACES II zero-zero (zero speed, zero altitude) ejection seats, which blast through frangible roof panels. The "mission commander", who handles navigation and weapons delivery, sits on the left, while the pilot sits on the right. The mission commander is also a rated pilot and can fly the aircraft if need be. They control the aircraft using a "glass cockpit", with each crew using a dashboard featuring four 15 centimeter (6 inch) color CRT multifunction displays (MFDs) and a fighter-style control stick. There was provision for a third seat in case the crew workload proved too high, but a third crewperson proved unnecessary. A chemical toilet and rollup mattress can be carried for long missions. It is unclear if there are other conveniences, such as a small refrigerator or microwave oven.

The B-2's original "Navigation Sub-System (NSS)" included a Kearfott Inertial Management Unit, and a Northrop NAS-26 "Astro-Inertial Unit (AIU)", which obtains position fixes using a telescope to lock on to star positions, using a noticeable port on top of the wing off to left side of the cockpit. It works even in daylight when the bomber is at high altitude, and is a descendant of an AIU developed for the SR-71.

The B-2 is fitted with an AN/APQ-181 radar, with some similarities to the AN/APG-70 used on the F-15E Strike Eagle fighter. The AN/APQ-181 is a Ku band (high microwave, from 12 GHz / 3 centimeters to 18 GHz / 2 centimeters) radar, with an electronically steered antenna in the lower leading edge of each wing. The Ku band suffers from greater atmospheric attenuation than lower frequency bands, but it also provides very high resolution for navigation and targeting.

The AN/APQ-181 provides "low probability of intercept (LPI)" operation, with the radar dancing over frequencies and changing pulse patterns so that its signals can't be picked out of background noise until it's too late. Apparently the Tacit Blue program did much to advance LPI radar technology, since it would have made absolutely no sense to design a stealthy battlefield surveillance aircraft and then have it announce its presence by blasting out strong and easily detected radar signals. The AN/APQ-181 provides 20 operational modes, including a "Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)" mode for ground mapping, with a "Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI)" capability; a "Terrain Following / Terrain Avoidance (TF/TA)" mode for low-level flight; a mode for spotting and linking up with a tanker; and weather mapping and navigation modes.

Finally, the B-2 includes a countermeasures suite, the "Defensive Management System (DMS)", for which most details still remain secret. All the avionics is controlled by a total of 13 radiation-hardened "Avionics Control Units (ACUs)", run by sophisticated software to help reduce flight load and provide sophisticated cockpit data display to enhance the crew's "situational awareness".




READ MORE - The B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber
READ MORE - The B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber

A-10 Thunderbolt IIs have excellent maneuverability at low air speeds and altitude, and are highly accurate weapons-delivery



Mission
A-10/OA-10 Thunderbolt IIs have excellent maneuverability at low air speeds and altitude, and are highly accurate weapons-delivery platforms. They can loiter near battle areas for extended periods of time and operate under 1,000-foot ceilings (303.3 meters) with 1.5-mile (2.4 kilometers) visibility. Their wide combat radius and short takeoff and landing capability permit operations in and out of locations near front lines. Using night vision goggles, A-10/OA-10 pilots can conduct their missions during darkness.

Capt. Eric Palaro died Dec. 4 in a mid-air collision involving two A-10 Thunderbolt IIs about 100 miles northwest of Las Vegas over the Nevada Test and Training Range. Palaro, from the 81st Fighter Squadron at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany, was participating in a training exercise. Maj. Scott Kneip, an instructor with the U.S. Air Force Weapons School A-10 division, ejected from his aircraft and is in good condition. The accident occurred at approximately 2 p.m. Both aircraft were assigned to the 57th Wing here.

A board of Air Force officials will investigate the accident.
Thunderbolt IIs have Night Vision Imaging Systems, or NVIS, goggle compatible single-seat cockpits forward of their wings and a large bubble canopy which provides pilots all-around vision. The pilots are protected by titanium armor that also protects parts of the flight-control system. The redundant primary structural sections allow the aircraft to enjoy better survivability during close air support than did previous aircraft.
The aircraft can survive direct hits from armor-piercing and high explosive projectiles up to 23mm. Their self-sealing fuel cells are protected by internal and external foam. Manual systems back up their redundant hydraulic flight-control systems. This permits pilots to fly and land when hydraulic power is lost.

The Thunderbolt II can be serviced and operated from bases with limited facilities near battle areas. Many of the aircraft's parts are interchangeable left and right, including the engines, main landing gear and vertical stabilizers.

Avionics equipment includes multi-band communications; Global Positioning System and inertial navigations systems; infrared and electronic countermeasures against air-to-air and air-to-surface threats. And, it has a Pave Penny laser spot tracker system; a heads-up display to display flight and weapons delivery information; and a low altitude safety and targeting enhancement system, which provides constantly computed impact and release points for accurate ordnance delivery. There is also a low-altitude autopilot and a ground collision avoidance system.

The A-10 is currently undergoing the precision engagement modification, which adds upgraded cockpit displays, moving map, hands on throttle and stick, digital stores management, LITENING and Sniper advanced targeting pod integration, situational awareness data link or SADL, GPS-guided weapons, and upgraded DC power. Precision engagement modified aircraft are designated as the A-10C.

The Thunderbolt II can employ a wide variety of conventional munitions, including general purpose bombs, cluster bomb units, laser guided bombs, joint direct attack munitions or JDAM), wind corrected munitions dispenser or WCMD, AGM-65 Maverick and AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles, rockets, illumination flares, and the GAU-8/A 30mm cannon, capable of firing 3,900 rounds per minute to defeat a wide variety of targets including tanks.
READ MORE - A-10 Thunderbolt IIs have excellent maneuverability at low air speeds and altitude, and are highly accurate weapons-delivery
READ MORE - A-10 Thunderbolt IIs have excellent maneuverability at low air speeds and altitude, and are highly accurate weapons-delivery

F-15 Strike Eagle is a fighter aircraft all weather conditions cooked up to get the air control and immortalization in battle in the air

McDonnell Douglas / Boeing F-15 Eagle is a fighter aircraft all weather conditions cooked up to get the air control and immortalization in battle in the air. He has awakened to the United States Air Tentera, and has made the elder flight Julai 1972. Plane publications F-15E Strike Eagle is an attacking fighter aircraft for all weather conditions that have been entered in 1989. U.S. Air Tentera parties designed to use the F-15 so that the year 2025.
In Julai 1967, A.S. Air perisikan Tentera surprised to find that when the Soviet Union has to develop a large fighter aircraft, identified as MiG-25 'Foxbat'. Western countries at that time did not know Wordpress aircraft MiG-25 aircraft pemintas cooked up as high berkelajuan, and instead of an air control aircraft; By the way, its main asset is the rate rather than kebolehkendalian. Satah tail and stabilizers have large straightened the aircraft MiG-25 It is a picture that has a high kebolehkendalian, which would likely put about U.S. keupayaan this plane pass over U.S. aircraft capabilities Realitinya, fins and stabilizers on the uprise of MiGs besat is required to have mengelakan plane than in the penyangkut stiffness during high speed flight at high altitudes.
READ MORE - F-15 Strike Eagle is a fighter aircraft all weather conditions cooked up to get the air control and immortalization in battle in the air
READ MORE - F-15 Strike Eagle is a fighter aircraft all weather conditions cooked up to get the air control and immortalization in battle in the air

F-22 Raptor is a stealth fighter aircraft the United States

Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) is a contract for the demonstration and validation program undertaken the United States Air Force to develop a new generation air superiority fighter to deal with threats from outside the United States, including the development of class aircraft Su-27 Soviet era.

In 1981, the United States Air Force to map the requirements to be met a new fighter aircraft intended to replace the F-15 Eagle. Envisaged that the ATF would incorporate emerging technologies including advanced alloys and composite materials, advanced control systems, high-powered propulsion systems, and stealth aircraft technology.

Proposals for the contract was filed in 1986, and two contractor teams, Lockheed-Boeing-General Dynamics and Northrop / McDonnell Douglas were selected in October 1986 to undertake a demonstration and validation phase for 50 months, which eventually produced two prototypes, the YF -22 and the YF-23.

The aircraft is planned to be a United States aircraft the most sophisticated in the early 21st century, therefore, this plane is the most expensive fighter aircraft, at a price of U.S. $ 120 million per unit, or U.S. $ 361 million per unit when added to the cost of development. In April 2005, the total cost of the development of this program is U.S. $ 70 billion, causing the number of aircraft planned to be made down to 438, then 381 and now 180, from 750 aircraft initial plan. One of the factors causing this reduction is due to F-35 Lightning II will have the same technology with the F-22, but the unit price is cheaper.

An analysis of military said attacks using the F-22 Raptor, effectively to block Tehran's nuclear development ambitions.

In a review in February of Iran's nuclear program conducted by the international atomic energy agency, found that there is ambiguity in the nuclear development.

Iran itself has been interested in developing air defense systems in anticipation of further air attacks might be carried out.

Meanwhile, Russia has been considering to sell an air defense system to Iran, and according to military analysis, it would make Iran's airspace into a "virtual no-fly zone".

A report made by the Washington Institute for Middle East Policy says that if the talks failed to persuade Iran to abandon its nuclear program, then the attack will be the F-22 can neutralize a nuclear threat from Iran's.

"Only fighters F-22 that can survive the air defense system capable of firing missiles from the ground into the air," said the former officer in the association of the presidential plane - Lt. Gen. Mike Dunn.
"Air attack from F-22 can restore the credibility of the option of military action," said a report.

Meanwhile, U.S. forces rely on themselves more F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon for a military operation in counter the resistance fighters who performed in Iraq and Afghanistan, Washington may have lost the ability
land defense-related threat is conventional.
Brief fighter F-22 Raptor
General Characteristics

* Crew: 1
* Length: 62 ft 1 in (18.90 m)
* Wingspan: 44 ft 6 in (13.56 m)
* Height: 16 ft 8 in (5.08 m)
* Wing area: 840 ft ² (78.04 m²)
* Airfoil: NACA 64A? 05.92 root, NACA 64A? 04.29 tip
* Empty weight: 31,670 lb (14,365 kg)
* Loaded weight: 55,352 lb (25,107 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 80,000 lb (36,288 kg)
* Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 turbofans pitch propulsion steering, 35,000 lb (155.7 kN) each

Performance

* Maximum speed: ≈ Mach 2.42 (2575 km / h) at altituda / high altitude
* Cruise speed: Mach 1.72 (1825 km / h) at altituda / high altitude
* Ferry range: 2,000 mi (1738 nm, 3219 km)
* The highest limit services: 65,000 feet (19,812 m)
* Rate of climb: the secret (general unknown)
* Wing loading: 66 lb / ft ² (322 kg / m²)
* Thrust / weight: 1.26
* Maximum g-load: -3 / +9 g

Armament

* Guns: 1 × 20 mm (0.787 in) M61A2 Vulcan Gatling gun at the base of the left wing, 480 rounds of ammunition
* Air to Air:

* 6 × AIM-120 AMRAAM
* 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinder

* Air to ground:

* 2 × AIM-120 AMRAAM and
* 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinder and one of:
o 2 × 1,000 lb JDAM or
o 2 × Wind Corrected Munitions Dispensers (WCMDs) or
o 8 × 250 lb GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb


F-22 Raptor is a stealth fighter aircraft the United States. It was originally envisioned as air superiority fighter for use against Soviet aircraft, the aircraft is equipped for ground attack, electronic warfare and signals intelligence.

This aircraft through a long development period, is named the prototype YF-22, three years before it was officially adopted F/A-22 named, and finally given the name of the F-22A when used on the official start in December 2005. Lockheed Martin Aeronautics is the prime contractor is responsible for the majority of the airframe, weapons, and assembling the F-22. Then his partner, Boeing Integrated Defense Systems provides the wings, avionics equipment, and pilot and maintenance training.
READ MORE - F-22 Raptor is a stealth fighter aircraft the United States
READ MORE - F-22 Raptor is a stealth fighter aircraft the United States
.::BY JUMBHO-MY AT HOME IN THE JEPARA CITY OF BEAUTIFUL::.